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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
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Results for gender based violence
9 results foundAuthor: Palmary, Ingrid Title: Re-imagining Women's Security: A Comparative Study of South Africa, Northern Ireland and Lebanon. South African Audit Summary: This report provides an overview of the status of the human security of women in South Africa. It is specifically focused on the political transition of the early 1990s. The issue of human security is discussed within the framework of the Constitution of 1996 as the central document emerging out of the negotiations. However, as there are several documents that came out of these negotiations, other key documents (in particular the Interim Constitution of 1993) are mentioned where it is appropriate. The Constitution, as a key output of the negotiations, resulted in a range of new legislation in line with newly protected rights and increasing democratisation of government and associated institutions. It also resulted in budget shifts to incorporate new needs driven by democratic principles and the creation of new institutions to safeguard democratic rights and principles. These ‘outworkings’ of the peace process are the focus of the first section of this audit. The key areas covered include: • constitutional issues and the key provisions in the Constitution that could impact of women’s security, the changes in governance that were brought about by the Constitution, as well as the transitional arrangements that were in place to allow for transition from a militarised and centralised State to a democratic one; • the significant regional commitments to which South Africa is a signatory and the relationships with the rest of Africa – particularly given South Africa’s history of conflict in the region. • the way that the socio-economic status of women has been dealt with; • the way that cultural issues were dealt with; • arrangements for reconciliation and victims of violence; • decommissioning and demobilisation; • democratisation of the security and policing services; • judicial transformation; and • the arrangements in place for political prisoners. The second section deals with changes in these areas since the transition in 1994 and how this has impacted on the status of women in South African society. It therefore, incorporates basic statistical information to provide a brief overview of changes in women’s lives that have resulted from the political transition. The indicators presented in this section are limited to the key areas of policy and institutional change identified in Section One in order to make some qualitative assessment as to the extent to which the ‘outworkings’ from the constitution may be impacting on the human security of women in South Africa. In addition, some new challenges to women’s security have been included, such as the spread of HIV/AIDS, because of the way that it has shifted policy concerns and had potentially devastating effects on the security of women. Central to this section is the recognition that women in South Africa are an extremely diverse group and the differences between women of different racial and class background may be greater than the differences between men and women within these groups. Therefore, although this audit deals with the general category of ‘women’, where possible, distinctions have been made between women of different racial classifications, as well as urban and rural women because of the ways that our history of racial inequality and staggered migration has affected women differently. Details: Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 2006. 73p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 19, 2011 at: http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/research/projects/rwsst/SA_Gender_Audit.pdf Year: 2006 Country: South Africa URL: http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/research/projects/rwsst/SA_Gender_Audit.pdf Shelf Number: 121402 Keywords: Gender Based ViolenceViolence Against Women (South Africa)Women (South Africa) |
Author: Rosemann, Ute Title: Protect - Identifying and Protecting High Risk Victims of Gender Base Violence - An Overview Summary: The project PROTECT aims at contributing to the prevention and reduction of the most serious forms of gender-based violence against girls, young women and their children, such as grievous bodily harm, homicide and attempted homicide, including so-called honour crimes and killings. Gender-based intimate partner violence against women and girls can take very severe forms such as grievous bodily harm, deprivation of liberty by locking victims up, often over days or even years, attempted murder or murder. These crimes seem to be motivated by different factors and concepts – extreme jealousy, possessiveness, accusation of ‘dishonouring‘ the family and other reasons – however, all of these crimes seem to have the similar goal of exercising power over women and girls and controlling their lives. Any move that is seen as a challenge to such concepts of power and control, e.g., if a woman or girl tries to leave her violent partner or father, can endanger her life, health and liberty. Ultimately, the beneficiaries of this project are women, young women, and girls, who are at high risk of severe violations of their fundamental human rights: the right to life, health and liberty. Research shows that violence can be reduced by systematically identifying and comprehensively protecting victims at high risk. Such coordinated interventions are still missing in most EU countries and regions; therefore the project aims at improving the protection of high risk victims. The project’s target groups are professionals from core agencies responsible for the protection and support of victims and the prevention of violence, organisations and institutions working in the area of violence prevention, policy makers and – last but not least – victims of gender-based violence. the report is structured in three main chapters: II. A Summary of intimate partner violence and intimate partner femicide risk assessment studies, II. B. Report on research results related to mapping of eight countries concerning the protection and safety of high risk victims of gender based intimate partner violence, including a description of the functioning of the MARACs in England and Wales, and II. C. Availability of reliable, systematically collected and analysed data on gender-based intimate partner homicide / femicide in Europe. The last section of the PROTECT final research report provides conclusions based on the outcomes of the project. Details: Vienna: WAVE - Women Against Violence Europe, 2010. 92p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 22, 2011 at: http://www.wave-network.org/start.asp?ID=23494 Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://www.wave-network.org/start.asp?ID=23494 Shelf Number: 121480 Keywords: FemicideGender Based ViolenceHomicideHonor KillingsIntimate Partner ViolenceRisk AssessmentViolence Against Women (Europe) |
Author: Benini, Aldo Title: After the guns fall silent: Sexual and gender-based violence in Timor-Leste Summary: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a pervasive global phenomenon, but is often a politically sensitive and unacknowledged issue. It has serious consequences for the physical, reproductive, and psychological health and social well-being of individuals. It also reflects and reinforces inequalities between men and women. SGBV is increasingly regarded as an impediment to the economic and social development of states. This Issue Brief considers the scale and magnitude of SGBV directed against women and girls in Timor-Leste. It considers the culture of impunity that pervades the country around SGBV and impedes progress on this issue; the lack of ‘enjoyment’ of human rights by women and girls due to SGBV; and the systematic failure of the security and justice system to tackle violations. Focusing on both the pre- and post-independence eras, it synthesizes the evidence to help identify entry points for the prevention and reduction of SGBV. Details: Geneva, Switzerland: Timor-Leste Armed Violence Assessment, Small Arms Survey, 2009. 8p. Source: TLAVA Issue Brief No. 5: Internet Resource: Accessed February 3, 2012 at http://www.timor-leste-violence.org/pdfs/Timor-Leste-Violence-IB5-ENGLISH.pdf Year: 2009 Country: International URL: http://www.timor-leste-violence.org/pdfs/Timor-Leste-Violence-IB5-ENGLISH.pdf Shelf Number: 123948 Keywords: Female VictimsGender Based ViolenceSexual Violence (Timor-Leste) |
Author: Cruz, Adrienne Title: Gender-based violence in the world of work: Overview and selected annotated bibliography Summary: Gender-based violence is described by many as the most prevalent human rights violation in the world. Of the varied ways in which sex discrimination manifests itself across the globe, such violence is exceptionally dehumanizing, pervasive and oppressive. No other form of sex discrimination violates so many fundamental human rights, as articulated in the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These are included, for example, in Article 1 which provides that “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”, Article 3 which provides that “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person”, and Article 5 which provides that “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”. Gender-based violence both reflects and reinforces inequalities between women and men. At least one in three women around the world is estimated to have been coerced into sex, physically beaten and/or otherwise abused in her lifetime. For women aged 15 to 44 years, such violence is a major cause of disability and death. Gender-based violence not only causes pain and suffering but also devastates families, undermines workplace productivity, diminishes national competitiveness, and stalls development. The International Labour Conference – in its June 2009 Resolution concerning gender equality at the heart of decent work – described gender-based violence as a critical and major global challenge to the goal of equality between women and men. The Conference – which annually brings together the ILO tripartite constituents comprising member States and representatives of workers’ and employers’ organizations from those countries – agreed on work-related strategies for its prevention and eradication. Based on the Conference’s recommendations, which included a call for tools about gender-based violence in the world of work, the Bureau for Gender Equality (GENDER) took the lead to track current research, investigate trends and develop this overview and annotated bibliography. Its aim is to contribute to policy development at national level, especially with entry points for responses and prevention in the world of work; enhance knowledge sharing of good practices on eliminating gender-based violence; serve as an information resource for capacity building, in particular for the tripartite constituents; and promote relevant key ILO messages, including from the 2009 ILC Conclusions. The first of three sections provides an overview of ILO’s own research and policy development on gender-based violence within its mandate, namely across the world of work, as well as good practices from operational activities. After explaining the aims and audience as well as methodology used for the bibliography, key terms are defined. This is followed by analysis of the exposure and risks for gender-based violence victims as well as perpetrators within the world of work. Reasons for tackling such violence are explained from both a rights-based and economic efficiency approach. Some particularly high-risk groups as victims are then described: child labourers, forced and bonded labourers, migrant workers, domestic workers, health services workers and sex workers. This is followed by discussion of the research on how using a men and masculinities perspective can reveal some men’s vulnerability to violence exposure, and ways to better engage males in stopping violence and promoting gender equality. The second section comprises the annotated bibliography. It is divided into two parts with entries in English, as well as some in French and Spanish as this tool is also available worldwide on the internet. The first part contains some 75 international, regional and country-based entries, and the second part contains over 50 tools, measures and guides. Each entry summary, which appears in the language of its publication, highlights key messages or research findings, lessons learned and/or good practices. A concluding section highlights some trends and challenges that emerged during the literature review, as well as opportunities identified to step up efforts for preventing and eradicating gender-based violence in the world of work. These are largely based on the above-mentioned 2009 ILC Conclusions and are summarized within the framework of the four strategic objectives of the ILO. These are employment, social protection, social dialogue and tripartism, and fundamental principles and rights including the role of international labour standards. A recurring theme throughout this section, as well as preceding ones, concerns the importance of social dialogue between the tripartite constituents in order to address and take action to prevent and stop gender-based violence in the world of work. A closing message recalls the 2009 Conference’s strong call to end gender-based violence, which it stressed was critical to achieving gender equality and decent work. Details: Geneva: ILO International Labour Office, 2011. 80p. Source: ILO Working Paper 3/2011: Internet Resource: Accessed February 7, 2012 at Year: 2011 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 124029 Keywords: Gender Based ViolenceRisk AssessmentWorkplace Crime |
Author: Watson, Susan Dee Title: Relationship of Vulnerability to Coercive Control and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among Latinas Summary: IPV is the most common cause of violence-related injury to women in the United States and greater than one-third of all female homicide victims in the U.S. were killed by the victims’ husband or partner. Nationally, intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a public health issue, and internationally gender inequality is the number one human rights issue. In addition to risk factors identified among multicultural samples, characteristics that increase Latina vulnerability to IPV may relate to the specific cultural scripts between partners that are expected and supported within Latino culture. Latinas in the United States are affected by a confluence of risk factors for IPV including power imbalances associated with traditional gender roles (machismo, the stereotypical male role, and marianismo, the traditional female role), acculturation, socioeconomic status and education level. Vulnerability to coercive control behaviors resulting in IPV from a partner may be increased if the woman has a previous history of child sexual abuse (CSA). A secondary analysis of selected data from a three year parent study, SEPA II (Salud, Educacion, Prevencion y Autocuidado; Health, Education, Prevention and Self- Care), was undertaken to explore the relationships between CSA, machismo, marianismo, acculturation, socioeconomic status and education on the severity and occurrence of IPV among 548 adult Latinas between the ages of 18 and 50. Selected data elements were analyzed from the Short Form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2S), the Violence Assessment Questionnaire (VAQ), the M-Measure (machismo), the Attitudes toward Women Scale (marianismo), the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS) and baseline demographic measures collected on the El Centro Intake Form. Correlations were done to examine the relationships among IPV, CSA, machismo, marianismo, acculturation, SES and education. Logistic regression was used to determine if women who report IPV are more likely to also report a history of CSA, more traditional gender role beliefs, higher levels of acculturation, lower SES and higher education. CTS2S (severity of violence) was significantly correlated with CSA, and the non- Hispanic domain of the BAS. The VAQ measure of violence (occurrence of physical violence > 18 years) also was significantly correlated with CSA, negatively correlated with the Hispanic domain, positively correlated with the Non-Hispanic domain of the BAS, and negatively correlated with monthly income. CSA was negatively associated with the Hispanic domain, positively correlated with the non-Hispanic domain and negatively correlated with years of education. Traditional gender roles did not influence the occurrence or severity of violence in this study. CSA was a significant predictor of IPV among Latinas. Hispanic domain (acculturation) and higher monthly income were protective against IPV among Latinas. Childhood sexual abuse, identification with non-Hispanic culture and decreased SES were found to increase vulnerability to IPV among Latinas. There is a need to design and test interventions and support systems for women that are contextually structured to acknowledge the family and community values as well as the individual needs of Latinas. Interpreting responses to violence for Latinas within the larger context of equality for women becomes part of an international focus aimed at ending gender based violence. Details: Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami, 2010. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 22, 2013 at: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1502&context=oa_dissertations Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1502&context=oa_dissertations Shelf Number: 129477 Keywords: Family ViolenceGender Based ViolenceIntimate Partner Violence (U.S.)LatinosViolence Against Women |
Author: Galvez, Gino Title: Work-related Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Acculturation Among Employed Latinos in Batterer Intervention Programs Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV), typically considered in the domestic context, has been shown to have considerable effects on women’s employment and health. While the literature has recently grown in this area, very few studies have examined the prevalence of work-related IPV among men. Furthermore, the extant literature on work-related IPV has largely ignored the experience of ethnic minorities, specifically Latinos. Many factors suggest that rates and forms of IPV might be different among other racial and ethnic groups. Some studies that examine IPV among Latinos have sought to understand the role of acculturation and socioeconomic contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine work-related IPV among a sample of men enrolled in batterer intervention programs. In addition, we sought to examine the relationship between acculturation, socioeconomic contexts, and reports of workrelated IPV among a subset of male Latinos. Overall, the findings confirm the upper ranges of previous estimates across studies (36% to 75%) of employed victims of IPV and their harassment by abusive partners while at work (Swanberg, Logan, & Macke, 2005; Taylor & Barusch, 2004). Specifically, we found that 60% of the entire sample reported work-related IPV that involved threatening behaviors and physical violence at their partner’s job. The findings among Latinos suggest that a positive relationship exists between acculturation and work-related IPV. Specifically, proxy variables of acculturation (e.g., country of birth, language of survey, number of years in the U.S.) were hypothesized to be positively associated with higher levels of acculturation. Consistent with the hypotheses, we found significant relationships in the direction proposed. Lastly, socioeconomic status (e.g., income, education, employment status) was hypothesized to play a moderating role between acculturation and work-related IPV. However, results generally suggest that socioeconomic status (i.e., income, education) did not moderate the relationship between acculturation and work-related IPV. This study makes important contributions to the literature and has implications for employers. The significant rates of work-related IPV found in this study highlight the need to address this problem among employed males as an important step in preventing work-related IPV. Among Latinos, the level of acculturation and factors such as income, employment, and education are important contextual factors that provide a better understanding of IPV in Latino communities (Gryywacz, Rao, Gentry, Marin, & Arcury, 2009). Details: Portland, OR: Portland State University, 2011. 169p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 22, 2013 at: http://dr.archives.pdx.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/psu/6993/Galvez_psu_0180D_10295.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: http://dr.archives.pdx.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/psu/6993/Galvez_psu_0180D_10295.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 129478 Keywords: Bettered Women (U.S.)Family ViolenceGender Based ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceLatinosSocioeconomic StatusViolence Against Women |
Author: Cornell Law School’s Avon Global Center for Women and Justice and International Human Rights Clinic Title: Judged for More Than Her Crime: A Global Overview of Women Facing the Death Penalty Summary: We estimate that at least 500 women are currently on death rows around the world. While exact figures are impossible to obtain, we further estimate that over 100 women have been executed in the last ten years - and potentially hundreds more. The number of women facing execution is not dramatically different from the number of juveniles currently on death row, but the latter have received a great deal more attention from international human rights bodies, national courts, scholars, and advocates. This report aims to shed light on this much-neglected population. Few researchers have sought to obtain information about the crimes for which women have been sentenced to death, the circumstances of their lives before their convictions, and the conditions under which they are detained on death row. As a result, there is little empirical data about women on death row, which impedes advocates from understanding patterns in capital sentencing and the operation of gender bias in the criminal legal system. To the extent that scholars have focused on women on death row, they have concluded that they are beneficiaries of gender bias that operates in their favor. While it is undeniable that women are protected from execution under certain circumstances (particularly mothers of infants and young children) and that women sometimes benefit from more lenient sentencing, those that are sentenced to death are subjected to multiple forms of gender bias. Most women have been sentenced to death for the crime of murder, often in relation to the killing of family members in a context of gender-based violence. Others have been sentenced to death for drug offenses, terrorism, adultery, witchcraft, and blasphemy, among other offenses. Although they represent a tiny minority of all prisoners sentenced to death, their cases are emblematic of systemic failings in the application of capital punishment. Women in conflict with the law are particularly vulnerable to abuse and other rights violations, either at the police station, during trial, or while incarcerated. Women are more likely than men to be illiterate, which affects their ability to understand and participate in their own defense. For example, of the 12 women on India's death row in 2015, six have never attended school. Illiteracy also increases their vulnerability to coercion, heightening the risk of false confessions. In certain countries, particularly in the Gulf states, most death-sentenced women are foreign migrant workers who are subject to discriminatory treatment. Mental illness and intellectual disability are common among women facing the death penalty. In Pakistan, Kanizan Bibi has been on death row since 1989, when she was only 16-years-old. Diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, she cannot care for herself in the most basic ways and has lost all awareness of her surroundings. Although she is now confined in a psychiatric hospital, she remains under sentence of death. Many women enter prison as long-term survivors of gender-based violence and harsh socioeconomic deprivation. We have documented several cases of women convicted of crimes committed while they were minors, often in the context of child marriage. These factors receive little attention from lawyers and courts. In many death penalty jurisdictions, gender-based violence is not considered at sentencing. Few lawyers present such evidence, and even where they do, the courts often discount it. In mandatory death penalty jurisdictions, a woman's prior history as a survivor of physical or sexual abuse is simply irrelevant, since the death penalty is automatically imposed for death-eligible offenses without consideration of the offender's background or the circumstances of the crime. Our research also indicates that women who are seen as violating entrenched norms of gender behavior are more likely to receive the death penalty. In several cases documented in this report, women facing the death penalty have been cast as the "femme fatale," the "child murderer," or the "witch." The case of Brenda Andrew in the United States is illustrative. In her capital trial, the prosecution aired details of her sexual history under the guise of establishing her motive to kill her husband. The jury was allowed to hear about Brenda's alleged extramarital affairs from years before the murder, as well as details about outfits she wore. The trial court also permitted the prosecutor to show the underwear found in the suitcase in her possession after she fled to Mexico, because it showed that she was not behaving as "a grieving widow, but as a free fugitive living large on a Mexico beach." As one Justice of the Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma noted, Brenda was put on trial not only for the murder of her husband but for being "a bad wife, a bad mother, and a bad woman." Death row conditions around the world are harsh and at times life-threatening for both men and women. In China, for example, all death row inmates, including women, are shackled at all times by their hands and feet. Women face certain deprivations, however, that do not affect the male population to the same extent. Some death sentenced women must also care for infants or young children who are incarcerated alongside them. Meriam Ibrahim, sentenced to death in Sudan for apostasy in 2014, was shackled to heavy chains in prison while eight months pregnant and caring for a young child. In Thailand and Myanmar, inmates have reportedly given birth alone in prison. In many countries, it is challenging or impossible for women to access sanitary pads or other menstruation products. In Zambia, for example, women must make do with rags that they struggle to clean without soap. The social stigma associated with women who are convicted and imprisoned, paired in some cases with restrictive family and child visitation rules, means that many female death row inmates around the world suffer an enduring lack of family contact, contributing to the high levels of depression suffered by women prisoners. Women on death row may also be denied access to occupational training and educational programs. For instance, the general female prison population in Thailand has access to work programs, but death row inmates do not. One woman in Ghana explained, after being denied educational opportunities while on death row: "I don't do anything. I sweep and I wait." Our country profiles aim to provide a snapshot of women facing the death penalty in several major regions of the world. The stories of women on death row provide anecdotal evidence of the particular forms of oppression and inhumane treatment documented in this report. It is our hope that this initial publication, the first of its kind, will inspire the international community to pay greater attention to the troubling plight of women on death row worldwide. Details: Ithaca, NY: Cornell Law School, 2018. 62p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2018 at: https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/7202 Year: 2018 Country: International URL: http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/pdf/judged-for-more-than-her-crime.pdf Shelf Number: 153113 Keywords: Capital PunishmentDeath PenaltyDeath RowExecutionsFemales Gender Based PunishmentGender Based ViolenceGender BiasGender IssuesImprisonmentIntellectual DisabilityMental Health IssuesPrisonPrisoners |
Author: Webster, Kim Title: Australians' Attitudes to Violence Against Women and Gender Equality: Findings from the 2017 National Community Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women Survey (NCAS) Summary: This report presents the findings of the 2017 National Community Attitudes Survey Towards Violence Against Women (NCAS) survey, and considers them in the context of other related research. The NCAS survey aims to monitor people's understanding of, and attitudes towards, violence against women, including their attitudes towards gender equality, what influences their attitudes, and whether they are prepared to intervene when witnessing abuse or disrespect towards women. The 2017 survey was conducted with a representative sample of 17,500 Australians aged 16 years and over, and has been previously held in 1995, 2009, and 2013. Overall, most participants have accurate knowledge of violence against women and do not endorse this violence, and most support gender equality. However, a significant number believe that women make up sexual assault accusations to get back at men and that gender inequality is exaggerated or no longer a problem. Sections include: About the Survey; The need for action to reduce and prevent violence against women; Why measure knowledge, attitudes and intentions?; About the 2017 questionnaire; Analysing and reporting the results; Benchmarking knowledge and understanding of violence against women; Benchmarking attitudes towards gender equality; Benchmarking attitudes to violence against women; Knowledge and attitudes among people and in places; Knowledge and attitudes in social contexts and occupations; Factors influencing knowledge and attitudes; Intended responses to violence against women; Key findings in Australian states and territories; Strengths and limitations of the NCAS; Discussion of findings and implications for policy, practice and further research. Separate reports for the samples of Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders, people from non-English speaking backgrounds, and young people will be published separately; and the methodology is explained in greater detail in a separate report. Details: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: Australia 's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety, 2018. 192p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 18, 2018 at: https://ncas.anrows.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/NCAS-report-2018.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Australia URL: https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2018/11/apo-nid207046-1247461.pdf Shelf Number: 154038 Keywords: AboriginesAustraliaGender Based ViolenceGender InequalityNational Community Attitudes Survey Towards ViolenSexual AssaultViolence Against Women |
Author: Sida Title: Preventing and Responding to Gender-Based Violence: Expressions and Strategies Summary: Ending gender-based violence (GBV) and ensuring women's security is a priority for the Swedish government, a priority reflected in central objectives of Swedish policy for development cooperation. Sida defines GBV as any harm or suffering that is perpetrated against a woman or girl, man or boy and that has negative impact on the physical, sexual or psychological health, development or identity of the person. The cause of this violence is founded in gender-based inequalities and discrimination. GBV is the most extreme expression of these unequal gender relations in society, and a violation of human rights, as well as a main hindrance of the achievement of gender equality. In Sida's work an important point of departure is that GBV is preventable, which entails a focus on the root causes of violence and on possibilities for change. Women and girls are mostly affected by GBV, and globally at least one third of all women have been exposed to violence in an intimate relationship, but also men and boys can be subjected to GBV. Regardless, the violence is linked to gender inequalities and norms for gender. Most commonly GBV occurs in the family, but it also takes place at other arenas in society, private and public. GBV is an umbrella definition including a wide range of expressions of violence such as intimate partner violence, sexual violence by non-partners, Female Genital mutilation (FGM), honour violence, early marriage, violence against LGBTI and trafficking in human beings. In situations of war and conflict, GBV is particularly present. Entry points in addressing GBV is that gender-based violence is a violation of human rights, and that tackling GBV is crucial for poverty reduction and economic development. GBV is furthermore a key to protect sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and reverse the spread of HIV. It is also a security concern and a prerequisite for sustainable peace. When defining effective strategies to end a priority is to make efforts to prevent GBV. Given that GBV is linked to gender-based power inequalities, key in GBV prevention are efforts to increase gender equality and transformation of gender norms. Prevention strategies entail a shift from "victims" to "survivors" with a focus on women and girl's empowerment and agency, efforts to increase women's political and economic empowerment and sexual and reproductive rights, and to incorporate men and boys in the work. The strengthening of legal and policy framework is also of outmost importance, as are efforts to bridge the gap between law and practice and to end the impunity for GBV. Response to survivors, which meets their rights to protection and access to services, including shelters and health sector services, is also core. Details: Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2015. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 15, 2019 at: https://www.sida.se/contentassets/3a820dbd152f4fca98bacde8a8101e15/preventing-and-responding-to-gender-based-violence.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: https://www.sida.se/English/publications/159477/preventing-and-responding-to-gender-based-violence-expressions-and-strategies/ Shelf Number: 156918 Keywords: Female Genital MutilationForced MarriageGender Based ViolenceIntimate Partner ViolenceTrafficking in PersonsViolence Against Women |